sqlglot.dialects.redshift
1from __future__ import annotations 2 3import typing as t 4 5from sqlglot import exp, transforms 6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import ( 7 NormalizationStrategy, 8 concat_to_dpipe_sql, 9 concat_ws_to_dpipe_sql, 10 date_delta_sql, 11 generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 12 json_extract_segments, 13 no_tablesample_sql, 14 rename_func, 15 map_date_part, 16) 17from sqlglot.dialects.postgres import Postgres 18from sqlglot.helper import seq_get 19from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType 20from sqlglot.parser import build_convert_timezone 21 22if t.TYPE_CHECKING: 23 from sqlglot._typing import E 24 25 26def _build_date_delta(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 27 def _builder(args: t.List) -> E: 28 expr = expr_type( 29 this=seq_get(args, 2), 30 expression=seq_get(args, 1), 31 unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)), 32 ) 33 if expr_type is exp.TsOrDsAdd: 34 expr.set("return_type", exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP")) 35 36 return expr 37 38 return _builder 39 40 41class Redshift(Postgres): 42 # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_names.html 43 NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE 44 45 SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False 46 INDEX_OFFSET = 0 47 COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False 48 HEX_LOWERCASE = True 49 HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS = True 50 51 # ref: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_FORMAT_strings.html 52 TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'" 53 TIME_MAPPING = {**Postgres.TIME_MAPPING, "MON": "%b", "HH24": "%H", "HH": "%I"} 54 55 class Parser(Postgres.Parser): 56 FUNCTIONS = { 57 **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 58 "ADD_MONTHS": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd( 59 this=seq_get(args, 0), 60 expression=seq_get(args, 1), 61 unit=exp.var("month"), 62 return_type=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"), 63 ), 64 "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": lambda args: build_convert_timezone(args, "UTC"), 65 "DATEADD": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsAdd), 66 "DATE_ADD": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsAdd), 67 "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsDiff), 68 "DATE_DIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsDiff), 69 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 70 "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list, 71 "SPLIT_TO_ARRAY": lambda args: exp.StringToArray( 72 this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(",") 73 ), 74 "STRTOL": exp.FromBase.from_arg_list, 75 } 76 77 NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = { 78 **Postgres.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS, 79 "APPROXIMATE": lambda self: self._parse_approximate_count(), 80 "SYSDATE": lambda self: self.expression(exp.CurrentTimestamp, sysdate=True), 81 } 82 83 SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True 84 85 def _parse_table( 86 self, 87 schema: bool = False, 88 joins: bool = False, 89 alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 90 parse_bracket: bool = False, 91 is_db_reference: bool = False, 92 parse_partition: bool = False, 93 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 94 # Redshift supports UNPIVOTing SUPER objects, e.g. `UNPIVOT foo.obj[0] AS val AT attr` 95 unpivot = self._match(TokenType.UNPIVOT) 96 table = super()._parse_table( 97 schema=schema, 98 joins=joins, 99 alias_tokens=alias_tokens, 100 parse_bracket=parse_bracket, 101 is_db_reference=is_db_reference, 102 ) 103 104 return self.expression(exp.Pivot, this=table, unpivot=True) if unpivot else table 105 106 def _parse_convert( 107 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 108 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 109 to = self._parse_types() 110 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 111 this = self._parse_bitwise() 112 return self.expression(exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 113 114 def _parse_approximate_count(self) -> t.Optional[exp.ApproxDistinct]: 115 index = self._index - 1 116 func = self._parse_function() 117 118 if isinstance(func, exp.Count) and isinstance(func.this, exp.Distinct): 119 return self.expression(exp.ApproxDistinct, this=seq_get(func.this.expressions, 0)) 120 self._retreat(index) 121 return None 122 123 class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer): 124 BIT_STRINGS = [] 125 HEX_STRINGS = [] 126 STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"] 127 128 KEYWORDS = { 129 **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 130 "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER, 131 "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH, 132 "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT, 133 "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER, 134 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 135 "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND, 136 "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY, 137 } 138 KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES") 139 140 # Redshift allows # to appear as a table identifier prefix 141 SINGLE_TOKENS = Postgres.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy() 142 SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#") 143 144 class Generator(Postgres.Generator): 145 LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = False 146 QUERY_HINTS = False 147 VALUES_AS_TABLE = False 148 TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True 149 NVL2_SUPPORTED = True 150 LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False 151 CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = False 152 MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = True 153 COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False 154 HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX" 155 PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE" 156 ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False 157 SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True 158 EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False 159 160 # Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it 161 WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = " " 162 163 TYPE_MAPPING = { 164 **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 165 exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE", 166 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 167 exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME", 168 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP", 169 exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE", 170 exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "VARBYTE", 171 } 172 173 TRANSFORMS = { 174 **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 175 exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CONCAT"), 176 exp.Concat: concat_to_dpipe_sql, 177 exp.ConcatWs: concat_ws_to_dpipe_sql, 178 exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, 179 e: f"APPROXIMATE COUNT(DISTINCT {self.sql(e, 'this')})", 180 exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda self, e: ( 181 "SYSDATE" if e.args.get("sysdate") else "GETDATE()" 182 ), 183 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 184 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 185 exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: self.func("DISTKEY", e.this), 186 exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e), 187 exp.FromBase: rename_func("STRTOL"), 188 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 189 exp.JSONExtract: json_extract_segments("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"), 190 exp.JSONExtractScalar: json_extract_segments("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"), 191 exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"), 192 exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))), 193 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 194 [ 195 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 196 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 197 transforms.unqualify_unnest, 198 transforms.unnest_generate_date_array_using_recursive_cte, 199 ] 200 ), 201 exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, 202 e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})", 203 exp.StartsWith: lambda self, 204 e: f"{self.sql(e.this)} LIKE {self.sql(e.expression)} || '%'", 205 exp.StringToArray: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_ARRAY"), 206 exp.TableSample: no_tablesample_sql, 207 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 208 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 209 exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, 210 e: f"(TIMESTAMP 'epoch' + {self.sql(e.this)} * INTERVAL '1 SECOND')", 211 } 212 213 # Postgres maps exp.Pivot to no_pivot_sql, but Redshift support pivots 214 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.Pivot) 215 216 # Postgres doesn't support JSON_PARSE, but Redshift does 217 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ParseJSON) 218 219 # Redshift uses the POW | POWER (expr1, expr2) syntax instead of expr1 ^ expr2 (postgres) 220 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.Pow) 221 222 # Redshift supports these functions 223 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.AnyValue) 224 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.LastDay) 225 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.SHA2) 226 227 RESERVED_KEYWORDS = { 228 "aes128", 229 "aes256", 230 "all", 231 "allowoverwrite", 232 "analyse", 233 "analyze", 234 "and", 235 "any", 236 "array", 237 "as", 238 "asc", 239 "authorization", 240 "az64", 241 "backup", 242 "between", 243 "binary", 244 "blanksasnull", 245 "both", 246 "bytedict", 247 "bzip2", 248 "case", 249 "cast", 250 "check", 251 "collate", 252 "column", 253 "constraint", 254 "create", 255 "credentials", 256 "cross", 257 "current_date", 258 "current_time", 259 "current_timestamp", 260 "current_user", 261 "current_user_id", 262 "default", 263 "deferrable", 264 "deflate", 265 "defrag", 266 "delta", 267 "delta32k", 268 "desc", 269 "disable", 270 "distinct", 271 "do", 272 "else", 273 "emptyasnull", 274 "enable", 275 "encode", 276 "encrypt ", 277 "encryption", 278 "end", 279 "except", 280 "explicit", 281 "false", 282 "for", 283 "foreign", 284 "freeze", 285 "from", 286 "full", 287 "globaldict256", 288 "globaldict64k", 289 "grant", 290 "group", 291 "gzip", 292 "having", 293 "identity", 294 "ignore", 295 "ilike", 296 "in", 297 "initially", 298 "inner", 299 "intersect", 300 "interval", 301 "into", 302 "is", 303 "isnull", 304 "join", 305 "leading", 306 "left", 307 "like", 308 "limit", 309 "localtime", 310 "localtimestamp", 311 "lun", 312 "luns", 313 "lzo", 314 "lzop", 315 "minus", 316 "mostly16", 317 "mostly32", 318 "mostly8", 319 "natural", 320 "new", 321 "not", 322 "notnull", 323 "null", 324 "nulls", 325 "off", 326 "offline", 327 "offset", 328 "oid", 329 "old", 330 "on", 331 "only", 332 "open", 333 "or", 334 "order", 335 "outer", 336 "overlaps", 337 "parallel", 338 "partition", 339 "percent", 340 "permissions", 341 "pivot", 342 "placing", 343 "primary", 344 "raw", 345 "readratio", 346 "recover", 347 "references", 348 "rejectlog", 349 "resort", 350 "respect", 351 "restore", 352 "right", 353 "select", 354 "session_user", 355 "similar", 356 "snapshot", 357 "some", 358 "sysdate", 359 "system", 360 "table", 361 "tag", 362 "tdes", 363 "text255", 364 "text32k", 365 "then", 366 "timestamp", 367 "to", 368 "top", 369 "trailing", 370 "true", 371 "truncatecolumns", 372 "type", 373 "union", 374 "unique", 375 "unnest", 376 "unpivot", 377 "user", 378 "using", 379 "verbose", 380 "wallet", 381 "when", 382 "where", 383 "with", 384 "without", 385 } 386 387 def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str: 388 args = expression.expressions 389 num_args = len(args) 390 391 if num_args > 1: 392 self.unsupported(f"Unsupported number of arguments in UNNEST: {num_args}") 393 return "" 394 395 arg = self.sql(seq_get(args, 0)) 396 alias = self.expressions(expression.args.get("alias"), key="columns", flat=True) 397 return f"{arg} AS {alias}" if alias else arg 398 399 def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str: 400 if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON): 401 # Redshift doesn't support a JSON type, so casting to it is treated as a noop 402 return self.sql(expression, "this") 403 404 return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix) 405 406 def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str: 407 """ 408 Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean 409 VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type 410 without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert 411 `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`. 412 """ 413 if expression.is_type("text"): 414 expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR) 415 precision = expression.args.get("expressions") 416 417 if not precision: 418 expression.append("expressions", exp.var("MAX")) 419 420 return super().datatype_sql(expression) 421 422 def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str: 423 exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True) 424 exprs = f" TABLE PROPERTIES ({exprs})" if exprs else "" 425 location = self.sql(expression, "location") 426 location = f" LOCATION {location}" if location else "" 427 file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ") 428 file_format = f" FILE FORMAT {file_format}" if file_format else "" 429 430 return f"SET{exprs}{location}{file_format}" 431 432 def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str: 433 if expression.args.get("bracket_notation"): 434 return super().array_sql(expression) 435 436 return rename_func("ARRAY")(self, expression)
42class Redshift(Postgres): 43 # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_names.html 44 NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE 45 46 SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False 47 INDEX_OFFSET = 0 48 COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False 49 HEX_LOWERCASE = True 50 HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS = True 51 52 # ref: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_FORMAT_strings.html 53 TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'" 54 TIME_MAPPING = {**Postgres.TIME_MAPPING, "MON": "%b", "HH24": "%H", "HH": "%I"} 55 56 class Parser(Postgres.Parser): 57 FUNCTIONS = { 58 **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 59 "ADD_MONTHS": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd( 60 this=seq_get(args, 0), 61 expression=seq_get(args, 1), 62 unit=exp.var("month"), 63 return_type=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"), 64 ), 65 "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": lambda args: build_convert_timezone(args, "UTC"), 66 "DATEADD": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsAdd), 67 "DATE_ADD": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsAdd), 68 "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsDiff), 69 "DATE_DIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsDiff), 70 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 71 "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list, 72 "SPLIT_TO_ARRAY": lambda args: exp.StringToArray( 73 this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(",") 74 ), 75 "STRTOL": exp.FromBase.from_arg_list, 76 } 77 78 NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = { 79 **Postgres.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS, 80 "APPROXIMATE": lambda self: self._parse_approximate_count(), 81 "SYSDATE": lambda self: self.expression(exp.CurrentTimestamp, sysdate=True), 82 } 83 84 SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True 85 86 def _parse_table( 87 self, 88 schema: bool = False, 89 joins: bool = False, 90 alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 91 parse_bracket: bool = False, 92 is_db_reference: bool = False, 93 parse_partition: bool = False, 94 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 95 # Redshift supports UNPIVOTing SUPER objects, e.g. `UNPIVOT foo.obj[0] AS val AT attr` 96 unpivot = self._match(TokenType.UNPIVOT) 97 table = super()._parse_table( 98 schema=schema, 99 joins=joins, 100 alias_tokens=alias_tokens, 101 parse_bracket=parse_bracket, 102 is_db_reference=is_db_reference, 103 ) 104 105 return self.expression(exp.Pivot, this=table, unpivot=True) if unpivot else table 106 107 def _parse_convert( 108 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 109 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 110 to = self._parse_types() 111 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 112 this = self._parse_bitwise() 113 return self.expression(exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 114 115 def _parse_approximate_count(self) -> t.Optional[exp.ApproxDistinct]: 116 index = self._index - 1 117 func = self._parse_function() 118 119 if isinstance(func, exp.Count) and isinstance(func.this, exp.Distinct): 120 return self.expression(exp.ApproxDistinct, this=seq_get(func.this.expressions, 0)) 121 self._retreat(index) 122 return None 123 124 class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer): 125 BIT_STRINGS = [] 126 HEX_STRINGS = [] 127 STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"] 128 129 KEYWORDS = { 130 **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 131 "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER, 132 "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH, 133 "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT, 134 "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER, 135 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 136 "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND, 137 "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY, 138 } 139 KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES") 140 141 # Redshift allows # to appear as a table identifier prefix 142 SINGLE_TOKENS = Postgres.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy() 143 SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#") 144 145 class Generator(Postgres.Generator): 146 LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = False 147 QUERY_HINTS = False 148 VALUES_AS_TABLE = False 149 TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True 150 NVL2_SUPPORTED = True 151 LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False 152 CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = False 153 MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = True 154 COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False 155 HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX" 156 PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE" 157 ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False 158 SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True 159 EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False 160 161 # Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it 162 WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = " " 163 164 TYPE_MAPPING = { 165 **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 166 exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE", 167 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 168 exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME", 169 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP", 170 exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE", 171 exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "VARBYTE", 172 } 173 174 TRANSFORMS = { 175 **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 176 exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CONCAT"), 177 exp.Concat: concat_to_dpipe_sql, 178 exp.ConcatWs: concat_ws_to_dpipe_sql, 179 exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, 180 e: f"APPROXIMATE COUNT(DISTINCT {self.sql(e, 'this')})", 181 exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda self, e: ( 182 "SYSDATE" if e.args.get("sysdate") else "GETDATE()" 183 ), 184 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 185 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 186 exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: self.func("DISTKEY", e.this), 187 exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e), 188 exp.FromBase: rename_func("STRTOL"), 189 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 190 exp.JSONExtract: json_extract_segments("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"), 191 exp.JSONExtractScalar: json_extract_segments("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"), 192 exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"), 193 exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))), 194 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 195 [ 196 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 197 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 198 transforms.unqualify_unnest, 199 transforms.unnest_generate_date_array_using_recursive_cte, 200 ] 201 ), 202 exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, 203 e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})", 204 exp.StartsWith: lambda self, 205 e: f"{self.sql(e.this)} LIKE {self.sql(e.expression)} || '%'", 206 exp.StringToArray: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_ARRAY"), 207 exp.TableSample: no_tablesample_sql, 208 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 209 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 210 exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, 211 e: f"(TIMESTAMP 'epoch' + {self.sql(e.this)} * INTERVAL '1 SECOND')", 212 } 213 214 # Postgres maps exp.Pivot to no_pivot_sql, but Redshift support pivots 215 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.Pivot) 216 217 # Postgres doesn't support JSON_PARSE, but Redshift does 218 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ParseJSON) 219 220 # Redshift uses the POW | POWER (expr1, expr2) syntax instead of expr1 ^ expr2 (postgres) 221 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.Pow) 222 223 # Redshift supports these functions 224 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.AnyValue) 225 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.LastDay) 226 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.SHA2) 227 228 RESERVED_KEYWORDS = { 229 "aes128", 230 "aes256", 231 "all", 232 "allowoverwrite", 233 "analyse", 234 "analyze", 235 "and", 236 "any", 237 "array", 238 "as", 239 "asc", 240 "authorization", 241 "az64", 242 "backup", 243 "between", 244 "binary", 245 "blanksasnull", 246 "both", 247 "bytedict", 248 "bzip2", 249 "case", 250 "cast", 251 "check", 252 "collate", 253 "column", 254 "constraint", 255 "create", 256 "credentials", 257 "cross", 258 "current_date", 259 "current_time", 260 "current_timestamp", 261 "current_user", 262 "current_user_id", 263 "default", 264 "deferrable", 265 "deflate", 266 "defrag", 267 "delta", 268 "delta32k", 269 "desc", 270 "disable", 271 "distinct", 272 "do", 273 "else", 274 "emptyasnull", 275 "enable", 276 "encode", 277 "encrypt ", 278 "encryption", 279 "end", 280 "except", 281 "explicit", 282 "false", 283 "for", 284 "foreign", 285 "freeze", 286 "from", 287 "full", 288 "globaldict256", 289 "globaldict64k", 290 "grant", 291 "group", 292 "gzip", 293 "having", 294 "identity", 295 "ignore", 296 "ilike", 297 "in", 298 "initially", 299 "inner", 300 "intersect", 301 "interval", 302 "into", 303 "is", 304 "isnull", 305 "join", 306 "leading", 307 "left", 308 "like", 309 "limit", 310 "localtime", 311 "localtimestamp", 312 "lun", 313 "luns", 314 "lzo", 315 "lzop", 316 "minus", 317 "mostly16", 318 "mostly32", 319 "mostly8", 320 "natural", 321 "new", 322 "not", 323 "notnull", 324 "null", 325 "nulls", 326 "off", 327 "offline", 328 "offset", 329 "oid", 330 "old", 331 "on", 332 "only", 333 "open", 334 "or", 335 "order", 336 "outer", 337 "overlaps", 338 "parallel", 339 "partition", 340 "percent", 341 "permissions", 342 "pivot", 343 "placing", 344 "primary", 345 "raw", 346 "readratio", 347 "recover", 348 "references", 349 "rejectlog", 350 "resort", 351 "respect", 352 "restore", 353 "right", 354 "select", 355 "session_user", 356 "similar", 357 "snapshot", 358 "some", 359 "sysdate", 360 "system", 361 "table", 362 "tag", 363 "tdes", 364 "text255", 365 "text32k", 366 "then", 367 "timestamp", 368 "to", 369 "top", 370 "trailing", 371 "true", 372 "truncatecolumns", 373 "type", 374 "union", 375 "unique", 376 "unnest", 377 "unpivot", 378 "user", 379 "using", 380 "verbose", 381 "wallet", 382 "when", 383 "where", 384 "with", 385 "without", 386 } 387 388 def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str: 389 args = expression.expressions 390 num_args = len(args) 391 392 if num_args > 1: 393 self.unsupported(f"Unsupported number of arguments in UNNEST: {num_args}") 394 return "" 395 396 arg = self.sql(seq_get(args, 0)) 397 alias = self.expressions(expression.args.get("alias"), key="columns", flat=True) 398 return f"{arg} AS {alias}" if alias else arg 399 400 def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str: 401 if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON): 402 # Redshift doesn't support a JSON type, so casting to it is treated as a noop 403 return self.sql(expression, "this") 404 405 return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix) 406 407 def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str: 408 """ 409 Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean 410 VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type 411 without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert 412 `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`. 413 """ 414 if expression.is_type("text"): 415 expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR) 416 precision = expression.args.get("expressions") 417 418 if not precision: 419 expression.append("expressions", exp.var("MAX")) 420 421 return super().datatype_sql(expression) 422 423 def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str: 424 exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True) 425 exprs = f" TABLE PROPERTIES ({exprs})" if exprs else "" 426 location = self.sql(expression, "location") 427 location = f" LOCATION {location}" if location else "" 428 file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ") 429 file_format = f" FILE FORMAT {file_format}" if file_format else "" 430 431 return f"SET{exprs}{location}{file_format}" 432 433 def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str: 434 if expression.args.get("bracket_notation"): 435 return super().array_sql(expression) 436 437 return rename_func("ARRAY")(self, expression)
Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.
Whether the ARRAY constructor is context-sensitive, i.e in Redshift ARRAY[1, 2, 3] != ARRAY(1, 2, 3) as the former is of type INT[] vs the latter which is SUPER
Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime
formats.
Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n
) to its unescaped version (
).
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
- Dialect
- WEEK_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
- DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- LOG_BASE_FIRST
- SAFE_DIVISION
- DATE_FORMAT
- DATEINT_FORMAT
- FORMAT_MAPPING
- PSEUDOCOLUMNS
- PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
- FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
- EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
- SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
- SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
- STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
- ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
- ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS
- REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
- SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
- CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
- DATE_PART_MAPPING
- TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
- ANNOTATORS
- get_or_raise
- format_time
- settings
- normalize_identifier
- case_sensitive
- can_identify
- quote_identifier
- to_json_path
- parse
- parse_into
- generate
- transpile
- tokenize
- tokenizer
- jsonpath_tokenizer
- parser
- generator
56 class Parser(Postgres.Parser): 57 FUNCTIONS = { 58 **Postgres.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 59 "ADD_MONTHS": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd( 60 this=seq_get(args, 0), 61 expression=seq_get(args, 1), 62 unit=exp.var("month"), 63 return_type=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"), 64 ), 65 "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": lambda args: build_convert_timezone(args, "UTC"), 66 "DATEADD": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsAdd), 67 "DATE_ADD": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsAdd), 68 "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsDiff), 69 "DATE_DIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.TsOrDsDiff), 70 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 71 "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list, 72 "SPLIT_TO_ARRAY": lambda args: exp.StringToArray( 73 this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(",") 74 ), 75 "STRTOL": exp.FromBase.from_arg_list, 76 } 77 78 NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = { 79 **Postgres.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS, 80 "APPROXIMATE": lambda self: self._parse_approximate_count(), 81 "SYSDATE": lambda self: self.expression(exp.CurrentTimestamp, sysdate=True), 82 } 83 84 SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True 85 86 def _parse_table( 87 self, 88 schema: bool = False, 89 joins: bool = False, 90 alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 91 parse_bracket: bool = False, 92 is_db_reference: bool = False, 93 parse_partition: bool = False, 94 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 95 # Redshift supports UNPIVOTing SUPER objects, e.g. `UNPIVOT foo.obj[0] AS val AT attr` 96 unpivot = self._match(TokenType.UNPIVOT) 97 table = super()._parse_table( 98 schema=schema, 99 joins=joins, 100 alias_tokens=alias_tokens, 101 parse_bracket=parse_bracket, 102 is_db_reference=is_db_reference, 103 ) 104 105 return self.expression(exp.Pivot, this=table, unpivot=True) if unpivot else table 106 107 def _parse_convert( 108 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 109 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 110 to = self._parse_types() 111 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 112 this = self._parse_bitwise() 113 return self.expression(exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 114 115 def _parse_approximate_count(self) -> t.Optional[exp.ApproxDistinct]: 116 index = self._index - 1 117 func = self._parse_function() 118 119 if isinstance(func, exp.Count) and isinstance(func.this, exp.Distinct): 120 return self.expression(exp.ApproxDistinct, this=seq_get(func.this.expressions, 0)) 121 self._retreat(index) 122 return None
Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.
Arguments:
- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.parser.Parser
- Parser
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
- STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
- NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
- ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
- AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
- TYPE_TOKENS
- SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
- SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
- RESERVED_TOKENS
- DB_CREATABLES
- CREATABLES
- ALTERABLES
- INTERVAL_VARS
- ALIAS_TOKENS
- ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
- COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- TRIM_TYPES
- FUNC_TOKENS
- CONJUNCTION
- ASSIGNMENT
- DISJUNCTION
- EQUALITY
- COMPARISON
- TERM
- FACTOR
- TIMES
- TIMESTAMPS
- SET_OPERATIONS
- JOIN_METHODS
- JOIN_SIDES
- JOIN_KINDS
- JOIN_HINTS
- LAMBDAS
- EXPRESSION_PARSERS
- UNARY_PARSERS
- STRING_PARSERS
- NUMERIC_PARSERS
- PRIMARY_PARSERS
- PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
- CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
- ALTER_PARSERS
- ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
- SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
- INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
- FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
- KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
- QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
- SET_PARSERS
- SHOW_PARSERS
- TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
- TYPE_CONVERTERS
- DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
- PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
- TRANSACTION_KIND
- TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
- CONFLICT_ACTIONS
- CREATE_SEQUENCE
- ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
- USABLES
- CAST_ACTIONS
- SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
- KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
- INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
- CLONE_KEYWORDS
- HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
- HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
- OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
- OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
- TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
- VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
- WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
- WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
- WINDOW_SIDES
- JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
- FETCH_TOKENS
- ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
- DISTINCT_TOKENS
- NULL_TOKENS
- UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
- SELECT_START_TOKENS
- COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
- IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
- ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
- ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
- PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
- STRICT_CAST
- PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
- IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
- LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
- ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
- TABLESAMPLE_CSV
- DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
- SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
- TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
- STRING_ALIASES
- MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
- SET_OP_MODIFIERS
- NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
- COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
- VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
- INTERVAL_SPANS
- SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
- error_level
- error_message_context
- max_errors
- dialect
- reset
- parse
- parse_into
- check_errors
- raise_error
- expression
- validate_expression
- errors
- sql
124 class Tokenizer(Postgres.Tokenizer): 125 BIT_STRINGS = [] 126 HEX_STRINGS = [] 127 STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"] 128 129 KEYWORDS = { 130 **Postgres.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 131 "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER, 132 "HLLSKETCH": TokenType.HLLSKETCH, 133 "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT, 134 "SUPER": TokenType.SUPER, 135 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 136 "UNLOAD": TokenType.COMMAND, 137 "VARBYTE": TokenType.VARBINARY, 138 } 139 KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES") 140 141 # Redshift allows # to appear as a table identifier prefix 142 SINGLE_TOKENS = Postgres.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy() 143 SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")
Inherited Members
145 class Generator(Postgres.Generator): 146 LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = False 147 QUERY_HINTS = False 148 VALUES_AS_TABLE = False 149 TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True 150 NVL2_SUPPORTED = True 151 LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False 152 CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = False 153 MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = True 154 COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False 155 HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX" 156 PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE" 157 ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False 158 SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True 159 EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False 160 161 # Redshift doesn't have `WITH` as part of their with_properties so we remove it 162 WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = " " 163 164 TYPE_MAPPING = { 165 **Postgres.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 166 exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBYTE", 167 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 168 exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME", 169 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP", 170 exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "VARBYTE", 171 exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "VARBYTE", 172 } 173 174 TRANSFORMS = { 175 **Postgres.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 176 exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CONCAT"), 177 exp.Concat: concat_to_dpipe_sql, 178 exp.ConcatWs: concat_ws_to_dpipe_sql, 179 exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, 180 e: f"APPROXIMATE COUNT(DISTINCT {self.sql(e, 'this')})", 181 exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda self, e: ( 182 "SYSDATE" if e.args.get("sysdate") else "GETDATE()" 183 ), 184 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 185 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 186 exp.DistKeyProperty: lambda self, e: self.func("DISTKEY", e.this), 187 exp.DistStyleProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e), 188 exp.FromBase: rename_func("STRTOL"), 189 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 190 exp.JSONExtract: json_extract_segments("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"), 191 exp.JSONExtractScalar: json_extract_segments("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"), 192 exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"), 193 exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))), 194 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 195 [ 196 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 197 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 198 transforms.unqualify_unnest, 199 transforms.unnest_generate_date_array_using_recursive_cte, 200 ] 201 ), 202 exp.SortKeyProperty: lambda self, 203 e: f"{'COMPOUND ' if e.args['compound'] else ''}SORTKEY({self.format_args(*e.this)})", 204 exp.StartsWith: lambda self, 205 e: f"{self.sql(e.this)} LIKE {self.sql(e.expression)} || '%'", 206 exp.StringToArray: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_ARRAY"), 207 exp.TableSample: no_tablesample_sql, 208 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 209 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 210 exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, 211 e: f"(TIMESTAMP 'epoch' + {self.sql(e.this)} * INTERVAL '1 SECOND')", 212 } 213 214 # Postgres maps exp.Pivot to no_pivot_sql, but Redshift support pivots 215 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.Pivot) 216 217 # Postgres doesn't support JSON_PARSE, but Redshift does 218 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ParseJSON) 219 220 # Redshift uses the POW | POWER (expr1, expr2) syntax instead of expr1 ^ expr2 (postgres) 221 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.Pow) 222 223 # Redshift supports these functions 224 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.AnyValue) 225 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.LastDay) 226 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.SHA2) 227 228 RESERVED_KEYWORDS = { 229 "aes128", 230 "aes256", 231 "all", 232 "allowoverwrite", 233 "analyse", 234 "analyze", 235 "and", 236 "any", 237 "array", 238 "as", 239 "asc", 240 "authorization", 241 "az64", 242 "backup", 243 "between", 244 "binary", 245 "blanksasnull", 246 "both", 247 "bytedict", 248 "bzip2", 249 "case", 250 "cast", 251 "check", 252 "collate", 253 "column", 254 "constraint", 255 "create", 256 "credentials", 257 "cross", 258 "current_date", 259 "current_time", 260 "current_timestamp", 261 "current_user", 262 "current_user_id", 263 "default", 264 "deferrable", 265 "deflate", 266 "defrag", 267 "delta", 268 "delta32k", 269 "desc", 270 "disable", 271 "distinct", 272 "do", 273 "else", 274 "emptyasnull", 275 "enable", 276 "encode", 277 "encrypt ", 278 "encryption", 279 "end", 280 "except", 281 "explicit", 282 "false", 283 "for", 284 "foreign", 285 "freeze", 286 "from", 287 "full", 288 "globaldict256", 289 "globaldict64k", 290 "grant", 291 "group", 292 "gzip", 293 "having", 294 "identity", 295 "ignore", 296 "ilike", 297 "in", 298 "initially", 299 "inner", 300 "intersect", 301 "interval", 302 "into", 303 "is", 304 "isnull", 305 "join", 306 "leading", 307 "left", 308 "like", 309 "limit", 310 "localtime", 311 "localtimestamp", 312 "lun", 313 "luns", 314 "lzo", 315 "lzop", 316 "minus", 317 "mostly16", 318 "mostly32", 319 "mostly8", 320 "natural", 321 "new", 322 "not", 323 "notnull", 324 "null", 325 "nulls", 326 "off", 327 "offline", 328 "offset", 329 "oid", 330 "old", 331 "on", 332 "only", 333 "open", 334 "or", 335 "order", 336 "outer", 337 "overlaps", 338 "parallel", 339 "partition", 340 "percent", 341 "permissions", 342 "pivot", 343 "placing", 344 "primary", 345 "raw", 346 "readratio", 347 "recover", 348 "references", 349 "rejectlog", 350 "resort", 351 "respect", 352 "restore", 353 "right", 354 "select", 355 "session_user", 356 "similar", 357 "snapshot", 358 "some", 359 "sysdate", 360 "system", 361 "table", 362 "tag", 363 "tdes", 364 "text255", 365 "text32k", 366 "then", 367 "timestamp", 368 "to", 369 "top", 370 "trailing", 371 "true", 372 "truncatecolumns", 373 "type", 374 "union", 375 "unique", 376 "unnest", 377 "unpivot", 378 "user", 379 "using", 380 "verbose", 381 "wallet", 382 "when", 383 "where", 384 "with", 385 "without", 386 } 387 388 def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str: 389 args = expression.expressions 390 num_args = len(args) 391 392 if num_args > 1: 393 self.unsupported(f"Unsupported number of arguments in UNNEST: {num_args}") 394 return "" 395 396 arg = self.sql(seq_get(args, 0)) 397 alias = self.expressions(expression.args.get("alias"), key="columns", flat=True) 398 return f"{arg} AS {alias}" if alias else arg 399 400 def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str: 401 if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON): 402 # Redshift doesn't support a JSON type, so casting to it is treated as a noop 403 return self.sql(expression, "this") 404 405 return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix) 406 407 def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str: 408 """ 409 Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean 410 VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type 411 without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert 412 `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`. 413 """ 414 if expression.is_type("text"): 415 expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR) 416 precision = expression.args.get("expressions") 417 418 if not precision: 419 expression.append("expressions", exp.var("MAX")) 420 421 return super().datatype_sql(expression) 422 423 def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str: 424 exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True) 425 exprs = f" TABLE PROPERTIES ({exprs})" if exprs else "" 426 location = self.sql(expression, "location") 427 location = f" LOCATION {location}" if location else "" 428 file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ") 429 file_format = f" FILE FORMAT {file_format}" if file_format else "" 430 431 return f"SET{exprs}{location}{file_format}" 432 433 def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str: 434 if expression.args.get("bracket_notation"): 435 return super().array_sql(expression) 436 437 return rename_func("ARRAY")(self, expression)
Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.
Arguments:
- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the
indentation of subqueries and filters under a
WHERE
clause. Default: 2. - normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
388 def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str: 389 args = expression.expressions 390 num_args = len(args) 391 392 if num_args > 1: 393 self.unsupported(f"Unsupported number of arguments in UNNEST: {num_args}") 394 return "" 395 396 arg = self.sql(seq_get(args, 0)) 397 alias = self.expressions(expression.args.get("alias"), key="columns", flat=True) 398 return f"{arg} AS {alias}" if alias else arg
400 def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str: 401 if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON): 402 # Redshift doesn't support a JSON type, so casting to it is treated as a noop 403 return self.sql(expression, "this") 404 405 return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
407 def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str: 408 """ 409 Redshift converts the `TEXT` data type to `VARCHAR(255)` by default when people more generally mean 410 VARCHAR of max length which is `VARCHAR(max)` in Redshift. Therefore if we get a `TEXT` data type 411 without precision we convert it to `VARCHAR(max)` and if it does have precision then we just convert 412 `TEXT` to `VARCHAR`. 413 """ 414 if expression.is_type("text"): 415 expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR) 416 precision = expression.args.get("expressions") 417 418 if not precision: 419 expression.append("expressions", exp.var("MAX")) 420 421 return super().datatype_sql(expression)
Redshift converts the TEXT
data type to VARCHAR(255)
by default when people more generally mean
VARCHAR of max length which is VARCHAR(max)
in Redshift. Therefore if we get a TEXT
data type
without precision we convert it to VARCHAR(max)
and if it does have precision then we just convert
TEXT
to VARCHAR
.
423 def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str: 424 exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True) 425 exprs = f" TABLE PROPERTIES ({exprs})" if exprs else "" 426 location = self.sql(expression, "location") 427 location = f" LOCATION {location}" if location else "" 428 file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ") 429 file_format = f" FILE FORMAT {file_format}" if file_format else "" 430 431 return f"SET{exprs}{location}{file_format}"
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.generator.Generator
- Generator
- NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
- IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
- WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
- CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
- MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
- INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
- LIMIT_FETCH
- LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
- GROUPINGS_SEP
- INDEX_ON
- QUERY_HINT_SEP
- IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
- DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
- LIMIT_IS_TOP
- RETURNING_END
- EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
- ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
- UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
- AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
- SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
- COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
- SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
- TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
- TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
- TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
- COLLATE_IS_FUNC
- DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
- ENSURE_BOOLS
- CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
- SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
- SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
- UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
- JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
- INSERT_OVERWRITE
- SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
- JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
- JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
- SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
- SET_OP_MODIFIERS
- COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
- STAR_EXCEPT
- QUOTE_JSON_PATH
- PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
- SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
- TIME_PART_SINGULARS
- TOKEN_MAPPING
- STRUCT_DELIMITER
- NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
- WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
- EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
- UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
- PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
- EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
- SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
- pretty
- identify
- normalize
- pad
- unsupported_level
- max_unsupported
- leading_comma
- max_text_width
- comments
- dialect
- normalize_functions
- unsupported_messages
- generate
- preprocess
- unsupported
- sep
- seg
- pad_comment
- maybe_comment
- wrap
- no_identify
- normalize_func
- indent
- sql
- uncache_sql
- cache_sql
- characterset_sql
- column_parts
- column_sql
- columnposition_sql
- columndef_sql
- columnconstraint_sql
- computedcolumnconstraint_sql
- autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
- compresscolumnconstraint_sql
- generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
- generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
- periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
- notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
- transformcolumnconstraint_sql
- primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
- uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
- createable_sql
- create_sql
- sequenceproperties_sql
- clone_sql
- describe_sql
- heredoc_sql
- prepend_ctes
- with_sql
- cte_sql
- tablealias_sql
- bitstring_sql
- hexstring_sql
- bytestring_sql
- unicodestring_sql
- rawstring_sql
- datatypeparam_sql
- directory_sql
- delete_sql
- drop_sql
- set_operation
- set_operations
- fetch_sql
- filter_sql
- hint_sql
- indexparameters_sql
- index_sql
- identifier_sql
- hex_sql
- lowerhex_sql
- inputoutputformat_sql
- national_sql
- partition_sql
- properties_sql
- root_properties
- properties
- with_properties
- locate_properties
- property_name
- property_sql
- likeproperty_sql
- fallbackproperty_sql
- journalproperty_sql
- freespaceproperty_sql
- checksumproperty_sql
- mergeblockratioproperty_sql
- datablocksizeproperty_sql
- blockcompressionproperty_sql
- isolatedloadingproperty_sql
- partitionboundspec_sql
- partitionedofproperty_sql
- lockingproperty_sql
- withdataproperty_sql
- withsystemversioningproperty_sql
- insert_sql
- introducer_sql
- kill_sql
- pseudotype_sql
- objectidentifier_sql
- onconflict_sql
- returning_sql
- rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
- withtablehint_sql
- indextablehint_sql
- historicaldata_sql
- table_parts
- table_sql
- tablesample_sql
- pivot_sql
- version_sql
- tuple_sql
- update_sql
- values_sql
- var_sql
- into_sql
- from_sql
- groupingsets_sql
- rollup_sql
- cube_sql
- group_sql
- having_sql
- connect_sql
- prior_sql
- join_sql
- lambda_sql
- lateral_op
- lateral_sql
- limit_sql
- offset_sql
- setitem_sql
- set_sql
- pragma_sql
- lock_sql
- literal_sql
- escape_str
- loaddata_sql
- null_sql
- boolean_sql
- order_sql
- withfill_sql
- cluster_sql
- distribute_sql
- sort_sql
- ordered_sql
- matchrecognizemeasure_sql
- matchrecognize_sql
- query_modifiers
- options_modifier
- queryoption_sql
- offset_limit_modifiers
- after_limit_modifiers
- select_sql
- schema_sql
- schema_columns_sql
- star_sql
- parameter_sql
- sessionparameter_sql
- placeholder_sql
- subquery_sql
- qualify_sql
- prewhere_sql
- where_sql
- window_sql
- partition_by_sql
- windowspec_sql
- withingroup_sql
- between_sql
- bracket_offset_expressions
- all_sql
- any_sql
- exists_sql
- case_sql
- constraint_sql
- nextvaluefor_sql
- extract_sql
- trim_sql
- convert_concat_args
- concat_sql
- concatws_sql
- check_sql
- foreignkey_sql
- primarykey_sql
- if_sql
- jsonkeyvalue_sql
- jsonpath_sql
- json_path_part
- formatjson_sql
- jsonobject_sql
- jsonobjectagg_sql
- jsonarray_sql
- jsonarrayagg_sql
- jsoncolumndef_sql
- jsonschema_sql
- jsontable_sql
- openjsoncolumndef_sql
- openjson_sql
- in_sql
- in_unnest_op
- interval_sql
- return_sql
- reference_sql
- anonymous_sql
- paren_sql
- neg_sql
- not_sql
- alias_sql
- pivotalias_sql
- aliases_sql
- atindex_sql
- attimezone_sql
- fromtimezone_sql
- add_sql
- and_sql
- or_sql
- xor_sql
- connector_sql
- bitwiseand_sql
- bitwiseleftshift_sql
- bitwisenot_sql
- bitwiseor_sql
- bitwiserightshift_sql
- bitwisexor_sql
- currentdate_sql
- collate_sql
- command_sql
- comment_sql
- mergetreettlaction_sql
- mergetreettl_sql
- transaction_sql
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- havingmax_sql
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- lt_sql
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- mod_sql
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- slice_sql
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- lastday_sql
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- semicolon_sql
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- scope_resolution
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- json_sql
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- conditionalinsert_sql
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- apply_sql
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- columns_sql
- overlay_sql
- sqlglot.dialects.postgres.Postgres.Generator
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- schemacommentproperty_sql
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- bracket_sql
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